Katipunan

Pronounced ka-ti-PU-nan, from the word for gathering or association. The secret mass society founded in 1892 in Tondo, Manila, by Andrés Bonifacio and others, out of the remains of La Liga Filipina after Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan.

It differed from the Propaganda Movement in two ways that matter. It aimed at independence rather than reform, and it recruited a mass membership rather than arguing on behalf of one. It had initiation rites, a structure and its own press.

The revolution opened in August 1896. Rizal, who had argued against an armed rising, was executed on 30 December of that year, and the execution recruited harder than any of his writing had.

Source: Compiled from the standard accounts at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution and the dated spine carried in this course’s history research map. Rizal’s own trial record, Proceso del Dr. José Rizal Mercado y Alonso, is public domain at Project Gutenberg #42065.

First used in: 1.3 · What Filipinos built the moment they could